Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of “Kinship Disconnection” among young people has triggered heated discussions. In the process of “Kinship Disconnection”, young people are keen on “Kinship Recognition” in the virtual world, and establishing new kinship relationships with “Virtual Family”. This study, employing content analysis, conducts an in-depth examination of 147 short videos posted by the “Sharing Daily Life with Daughter” Douyin account from September 13, 2023, to October 22, 2024, aiming to explore the operational strategies of “Virtual Family” influencers.
The findings reveal that, in terms of content, identity construction, and emotional value are provided through the presentation of warm and loving parental images, immersive scenarios, and diversified video production methods; in terms of users, the viewing group is dominated by females aged 18-30 years old, and there are more negative tendencies in the comment section, with fewer interactions with bloggers; in terms of business, advertisement implantation is the main profit-making method.
Further analysis shows that the emotional engagement and commercial strategies of “Virtual Family” influencers are closely intertwined. Influencers attract attention by offering emotional support and psychological comfort, thereby establishing an audience base for advertising placement and achieving commercial monetization. However, this operational model is fraught with challenges, such as trust issues, media dependency, and audience commodification. While virtual family influencers can partially fulfill emotional substitution needs, the potential risks they entail warrant careful consideration.
References
Hu, X., & Han, T. (2022). Youth “kinship disconnection”: Why does it occur and where is it heading? China Youth Studies, 05, 37-43. https://doi.org/10.19633/j.cnki.11-2579/d.2022.0063
Chen, Y., & Zong, H. (2023). “Kinship disconnection”: Concept, issues, and reflections. Journal of Yangzhou University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 03, 69-85. https://doi.org/10.19411/j.cnki.1007-7030.2023.03.006
Li, J. (2024). “Electronic kin”: The practice of cyber emotional interaction among contemporary youth from the perspective of media dependency. Science and Technology Communication, 10, 117-120. https://doi.org/10.16607/j.cnki.1674-6708.2024.10.009
Zhao, X., & Qin, Q. (2024). Rethinking kinship in mediated communication: An analysis of reports on the “kinship disconnection” issue. International Public Relations, 14, 134-136. https://doi.org/10.16645/j.cnki.cn11-5281/c.2024.14.053
Vaingankar, J. A., Van Dam, R. M., Samari, E., Chang, S., Seow, E., Chua, Y. C., ... & Subramaniam, M. (2022). Social media–driven routes to positive mental health among youth: Qualitative enquiry and concept mapping study. JMIR pediatrics and parenting, 5(1), e32758.
Zong, H., & Chen, Y. (2024). “Contextualized disconnection”: The media practices of youth “cutting ties” with relatives. Media Observation, 5, 101-111. https://doi.org/10.19480/j.cnki.cmgc.2024.05.003
Gibson, J. J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Houghton Mifflin.
Wellman, B., Quan-Haase, A., Boase, J., Chen, W., Hampton, K., Díaz, I., & Miyata, K. (2003). The social affordances of the Internet for networked individualism. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2003.tb00216.x
Pan, Z., & Liu, Y. (2017). What is “new”? The power traps in the discourse of “new media” and the theoretical self-reflection of researchers: An interview with Professor Pan Zhongdang. Journal of Journalism and Communication Review, 2017(01), 2-19.
Huang, M., & Huang, P. (2021). The practical characteristics of short video e-commerce from the perspective of media affordances. Editorial Friend, (09), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.13786/j.cnki.cn14-1066/g2.2021.9.008
Karahanna, E., Xu, S. X., Xu, Y., & Zhang, N. (Andy). (2018). The Needs–Affordances–Features Perspective for the Use of Social Media. MIS Quarterly, 42(3), 737–756, A1–A23. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26635051
Ye, Z. Y. (2021). Production, socialization, and mobility: Content presentation and audience perception of short videos under the media affordance theory—A case study of the Douyin short video account “Heartwarming Stories.” New Media Research, 11, 44–46. https://doi.org/10.16604/j.cnki.issn2096-0360.2021.11.011
Kuang, W., & Deng, Y. (2022). Media affordances: Emotional expression of fan communities empowered by social platforms. Jiangxi Social Sciences(07), 168-176.
Kelley, H., & Thibaut, J. (1978). The social psychology of groups. Wiley.
Miller, R. S. (2005). Intimacy. The Guilford Press.
Mendelson, E. A. (2024). Sensemaking and public intimacy on TikTok: How viral videos influence interpersonal relationships offline. New Media & Society, 26(12), 7081-7099.
Zhu, L., & Han, Y. (2017). Simulated intimacy: A new observation of fan communities in idol culture—A case study of TFboys. Contemporary Communication(06), 72-76.
Chen, L. (2018). Mobile game consumption and the construction of intimate relationships: A case study of Love and Producer. Shandong Social Sciences(10), 48-53. https://doi.org/10.14112/j.cnki.37-1053/c.2018.10.007
Aw, E. C. X., Tan, G. W. H., Chuah, S. H. W., Ooi, K. B., & Hajli, N. (2022). Be my friend! Cultivating parasocial relationships with social media influencers: findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA. Information Technology & People, 36(1), 66-94.
Mardon, R., Cocker, H., & Daunt, K. (2023). When parasocial relationships turn sour: Social media influencers, eroded and exploitative intimacies, and anti-fan communities. Journal of Marketing Management, 39(11-12), 1132-1162.
de Bérail, P., & Bungener, C. (2022). Parasocial relationships and YouTube addiction: The role of viewer and YouTuber video characteristics. Psychology of Language and Communication, 26(1), 169-206.
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. University of California Press.
Kalvi, T., & Knuutinen, I. (2021). Negative engagement enforcing emotional labor in parasocial relationships between social media influencers and followers (Master's thesis).
Reilly, M. (2022). Under (neath) the Influence: A Study of Micro-Influencers & Content Creators and the Dynamics of Digital Labor.
Liu, Y. (2024). Digital Work, Emotion Commodification, and Moral Legitimacy: Transnational Bloggers on Chinese Social Media Platforms. Youth and Globalization, 5(2), 271-289.
Yalın, A. (2024). Governing the Resilient Self: Influencers’ Digital Affective Labor in Quarantine Vlogs. Social Media+ Society, 10(2), 20563051241247749.
Heeris Christensen, A. B., Gyrd-Jones, R., & Beverland, M. B. (2024). Dialectical Emotional Labour in Digital Person-branding: The case of digital influencers. Organization Studies, 45(4), 571-591.
Mirghaderi, L. (2022). Social media users' free labor in Iran: Influencers, ethical conduct and labor exploitation. Frontiers in Sociology, 7, 1006146.
Wang, C., & Ma, L. (2019). How government short videos burst into influence: A content analysis of government TikTok accounts. E-Government, 07, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.16582/j.cnki.dzzw.2019.07.004
Ma, K. (2021). A content analysis of the media image of Northeast Chinese on TikTok (Master’s thesis, Dalian University of Technology). https://doi.org/10.26991/d.cnki.gdllu.2021.000584
Zhou, Z. (2023). A content analysis and optimization strategy study of TikTok “silver-haired internet celebrities” videos under the framework theory (Master’s thesis, Communication University of China). https://doi.org/10.27483/d.cnki.gbjgc.2023.000157
Yang, F., & Li, J. (2023). A content analysis of red-themed venue TikTok short videos. Southeast Communication, 11, 122-125. https://doi.org/10.13556/j.cnki.dncb.cn35-1274/j.2023.11.042
Hall, C. S. (1954). A primer of Freudian psychology. Mentor Books.
Kim, D. Y., & Kim, H. Y. (2021). Trust me, trust me not: A nuanced view of influencer marketing on social media. Journal of Business Research, 134, 223-232.
Wang, C., Lee, M. K., & Hua, Z. (2015). A theory of social media dependence: Evidence from microblog users. Decision support systems, 69, 40-49.
Yuan, Z., Cheng, X., & Duan, Y. (2024). Impact of media dependence: how emotional interactions between users and chat robots affect human socialization?. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1388860.
Manzerolle, V. (2010). Mobilizing the audience commodity: Digital labour in a wireless world. Ephemera: theory & politics in organization, 10(4), 455.
Hunter, A. (2015, July). Get off my internets: the audience commodity and the mommy blog backlash. In Proceedings of the 2015 international conference on social media & society (pp. 1-9).

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Xiang (Author)